Rome is also admired today for its apparent modernity in the ancient world: the Romans brought to the world running water, concrete and a complex system of roads, republican government, and organized sports. In terms of longevity, few societies can beat Rome as the Roman Republic began in 509 BC and continued for nearly 500 years before transitioning into the Roman Empire, which saw its last western emperor abdicate his throne in AD 479. There is no doubt that Roman culture was successful and enduring, which has contributed to make Rome the “gold standard” by which most other societies are judged. In the modern world, nation-states, empires, and civilizations are often compared to and judged by the perceived success of Roman culture. The collapse of the Roman Empire has long been the subject of immense interest among professional scholars. Photo by Carole Raddato, Wikimedia Commons
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